A company has a hybrid environment with on-premises servers and EC2 instances in three VPCs located in three different AWS Regions. The company has one AWS Direct Connect connection from the data center to the nearest Region. On-premises servers need access to EC2 instances in all three VPCs and also require access to AWS public services. What is the least-cost combination of steps to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

The first correct option, creating a Direct Connect gateway, is the most cost-effective way to extend connectivity from a single Direct Connect connection to multiple VPCs across different AWS Regions. This avoids the expense of provisioning additional Direct Connect connections. The second correct option, creating a public VIF, allows on-premises servers to access AWS public services directly over the Direct Connect connection, bypassing the internet. While a public VIF can also be used for Site-to-Site VPN to other Regions, the Direct Connect gateway is generally preferred for VPC-to-VPC connectivity due to its simplicity and direct integration. Provisioning additional Direct Connect connections is costly. Using inter-Region VPC peering with a private VIF would require complex routing and doesn't address access to public AWS services directly. Establishing a Site-to-Site VPN over a private VIF to reach other VPCs is less efficient than using a Direct Connect gateway.