A company runs a highly available image-processing application on Amazon EC2 instances in a single VPC. The instances run in multiple subnets across several Availability Zones, and they do not communicate with each other. All instances download and upload images to Amazon S3 through a single NAT gateway. The company is concerned about data transfer charges. What is the MOST cost-effective way to avoid regional data transfer charges?

Deploying a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 is the most cost-effective solution. This allows instances within the VPC to access S3 directly and privately, bypassing the NAT gateway entirely. This eliminates data transfer charges associated with traffic flowing through the NAT gateway to S3, as traffic to S3 through a gateway endpoint is free. Launching a NAT gateway in each Availability Zone would improve availability and potentially reduce cross-AZ data transfer for the NAT gateway itself, but it would not eliminate the data transfer charges for traffic going through the NAT gateway to S3. Replacing the NAT