A company runs its learning management system on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a single AWS Region. The domain is managed in Route 53. The company wants to improve performance for global users with the least operational overhead. Which solution will improve global performance with minimal operational effort?

Creating a CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin and updating Route 53 to point to CloudFront is the most effective solution for improving global performance with minimal operational overhead. CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) that caches content at edge locations worldwide, bringing data closer to users and reducing latency. This significantly improves performance for global users without requiring changes to the application or infrastructure. Launching additional EC2 instances behind the ALB only scales capacity within the existing region; it doesn't address global latency. Geolocation routing to the same ALB won't improve performance for distant users. An AWS Client VPN endpoint adds an extra layer of complexity and overhead for users, and it's not designed for general application performance improvement. Deploying to multiple AWS Regions would improve global performance but involves significant operational overhead for managing and synchronizing applications across regions, which the question seeks to minimize.