A company uses AWS Lambda functions to automate incident response for Amazon EC2 instances. The functions collect artifacts (for example, instance ID and security group configuration) and write a summary to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company’s VPC has public subnets with an internet gateway and private subnets with a NAT gateway. All S3 traffic related to incident response must stay on the AWS network and must not traverse the public internet. Which solution meets these requirements?

The correct solution ensures S3 traffic remains on the AWS network and doesn't traverse the public internet. Deploying Lambda functions in private subnets is good practice for security. Creating an S3 gateway VPC endpoint allows instances in a VPC (including Lambda functions in private subnets) to access S3 privately, routing traffic directly within the AWS network without using an internet gateway or NAT gateway. Routing S3 traffic through a NAT gateway would still send traffic over the public internet, which violates the requirement. Placing the S3 bucket and Lambda in the same private subnet doesn't change S3's default public endpoint behavior, meaning traffic would still go over the internet. Using SQS to deliver data to S3 doesn't inherently keep S3 traffic private; SQS would still need a private route to S3, which the gateway endpoint provides.