A data engineer opens an Amazon QuickSight dashboard backed by Amazon Athena queries on data in an S3 bucket and receives an insufficient-permissions error. Which issues could cause these permission errors? (Choose two.)

The most common causes of insufficient permissions errors when QuickSight queries Athena data in S3 are related to QuickSight's access to the underlying data. QuickSight needs direct permission to read data from the S3 bucket where Athena stores its tables. If the data in S3 is encrypted (e.g., with KMS), QuickSight also requires permission to decrypt that data. Without these S3 and decryption permissions, QuickSight cannot retrieve the necessary data to populate the dashboard, leading to an error. QuickSight always has an IAM role assigned implicitly or explicitly to function, so "no IAM role assigned to QuickSight" is unlikely to be the root cause of a permission error, though misconfigured roles are possible. "No connection between QuickSight and Athena" would prevent any queries, not just cause a permission error. "The Athena tables are not cataloged" would result in a table-not-found error, not a permission error.