A service uploads images to an S3 bucket. Each upload should trigger a Lambda function to create a thumbnail and also send an email notification. How should the developer wire S3 events, the Lambda thumbnail processor, and the email notifications?

This option correctly leverages Amazon SNS as a fan-out mechanism. S3 event notifications can directly publish to an SNS topic. Both the Lambda function (for thumbnail processing) and an email address (for notifications) can subscribe to the same SNS topic. When S3 publishes an event, SNS delivers it to all subscribers, fulfilling both requirements efficiently. The second option is incorrect because an SQS queue cannot directly send email notifications. It would require another service to poll the queue and send emails. The third option is incorrect because SQS queues cannot directly send email subscriptions. SQS is a message queuing service, not a notification service for direct email delivery. The fourth option is overly complex and incorrect. While EventBridge can invoke Lambda, S3 can directly publish to SNS or SQS. Also, SQS cannot directly send email notifications.