A Search ad's auction-time ad quality is affected by three factors. What are they?

Auction-time ad quality in Google Ads is determined by three core factors: Ad relevance, Expected clickthrough rate (CTR), and Ad landing page experience. Ad relevance assesses how closely your ad matches the user's search query. A higher relevance means your ad is more likely to be useful to the user. Expected CTR predicts how likely your ad is to be clicked, based on historical performance and other factors. A higher expected CTR indicates a more compelling ad. Landing page experience evaluates how useful and navigable your website's landing page is to people who click your ad. A good landing page experience leads to better ad quality. Bidding strategy and Ad Rank are outcomes or components of the auction process, not direct inputs to ad quality itself.