Configure networking for a Dataflow pipeline using custom containers that reads from Cloud Storage and writes to BigQuery; ensure secure, cost-effective access to Google APIs and services.

Removing external IPs from Dataflow workers enhances security by reducing the attack surface. Enabling Private Google Access (PGA) for the subnet allows these workers to securely and privately access Google APIs like Cloud Storage and BigQuery without traversing the public internet, which is both secure and cost-effective. Keeping external IPs on workers and using firewall rules is less secure and potentially more expensive due to egress costs. Removing external IPs and using Private Service Connect (PSC) endpoints is overkill for accessing standard Google APIs; PSC is typically for managed services from other VPC networks. Using Cloud NAT for outbound internet and enforcing firewall rules would provide internet access but not private access to Google APIs, and it adds complexity and cost compared to PGA.