Do links in the header and footer of a website contribute to internal linking efforts?

Yes, links in the header and footer absolutely contribute to internal linking efforts. These navigational elements are present on most, if not all, pages of a website, making them crucial for distributing link equity and helping search engines discover important content. While body content links often provide more contextual relevance, header and footer links ensure broad accessibility and reinforce the site's structure. The idea that it's "only for websites that use JavaScript" is incorrect; standard HTML links in headers and footers are universally recognized. Similarly, "only on the home page" is wrong, as these elements typically persist across the site. Finally, "No - only internal links within the body contribute" is a fundamental misunderstanding of how search engines crawl and evaluate site architecture.