How do you measure conversions on your site in Google Analytics?

In Google Analytics, conversions are measured using Goals and Events. Goals track specific user actions that contribute to your business objectives, such as completing a purchase, filling out a form, or reaching a specific page. You define these goals within Google Analytics. Events, on the other hand, track discrete interactions on your website that aren't necessarily page loads, like video plays, button clicks, or downloads. While not direct conversions themselves, events can be configured as goals or provide valuable data for understanding user behavior leading to conversions. Page views and bounce rate are important metrics for understanding user engagement, but they do not directly measure conversions.