How is the data-plane tunnel health monitored in a Cisco SD-WAN deployment?
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Correct answer: using BFD.
Why this is the answer
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is used in Cisco SD-WAN to monitor the health of data-plane tunnels. BFD provides rapid detection of link failures, which is crucial for maintaining high availability and fast convergence in the overlay network. It sends small, periodic packets to quickly determine if a data path is operational. IP SLA (Service Level Agreement) is used for monitoring network performance and verifying service availability, but not primarily for data-plane tunnel health in SD-WAN. ARP probing is a Layer 2 mechanism for discovering MAC addresses and detecting duplicate IP addresses, not for tunnel health. OMP (Overlay Management Protocol) is the routing protocol of Cisco SD-WAN, responsible for advertising routes and policies, but it relies on BFD for underlying tunnel health monitoring.
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