Require a direct, non-provider path to Google that can reach Cloud SQL public IPs. Which connection type do you choose?

Direct Peering is the correct choice because it allows direct, non-provider-mediated connections between your network and Google's network, specifically for reaching public Google services like Cloud SQL public IPs. This bypasses intermediate service providers, offering potentially lower latency and higher throughput. Carrier Peering is similar but involves a carrier as an intermediary, which doesn't meet the "non-provider path" requirement. Dedicated Interconnect and Partner Interconnect are designed for private connectivity to your Google Cloud VPC network, not for reaching public Google services like Cloud SQL public IPs directly from an on-premises network.