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Google Merchant Center is the central hub for managing product data for Shopping ads. Data quality issues, such as incorrect pricing, mismatched availability, or missing required attributes, are detected within Merchant Center. When these issues arise, Google's automated systems will disapprove the specific items affected, preventing them from appearing in Shopping ads. The campaign itself isn't disapproved, but rather the individual products that violate the data quality guidelines. Once the data quality issues are corrected in Merchant Center and the data is reprocessed, the disapproved items can be re-approved and begin serving ads again. Google Ads is where campaigns are managed, but the product data validation occurs primarily in Merchant Center.