What are the two types of link penalties?

The two types of link penalties are manual and algorithmic. A manual penalty is issued by a human reviewer at Google when they detect violations of their Webmaster Guidelines, often related to unnatural or manipulative link schemes. You'll receive a notification in Google Search Console for a manual penalty. An algorithmic penalty, on the other hand, is applied automatically by Google's algorithms (like the original Penguin update) when they detect patterns of low-quality or spammy links pointing to your site. These penalties are not directly communicated but are observed through drops in rankings and traffic. "Penguin and Panda" are names of specific Google algorithms, not types of penalties themselves. Penguin is an algorithm that targets link spam, and Panda targets low-quality content. "Paid links and PBNs" (Private Blog Networks) are examples of link-building tactics that can lead to penalties, but they are not the penalty types themselves.