What does disaggregation mean in controller-based networking?

In controller-based networking, disaggregation refers to the separation of the control plane from the data plane. Traditionally, network devices performed both functions. With disaggregation, a centralized controller manages the control plane (making forwarding decisions), while network devices primarily handle the data plane (forwarding traffic based on the controller's instructions). This separation allows for greater programmability, automation, and centralized management of the network. The other options are incorrect: Streamlining traffic handling by assigning devices to Layer 2 or Layer 3 functions describes traditional network design principles, not disaggregation. Summarizing routes between core and distribution layers is a routing optimization technique, not disaggregation. Enabling a network topology to adjust from a ring to a star network describes network adaptability or resilience, not disaggregation.