What is a characteristic of Cisco DNA Center and vManage northbound APIs?

Cisco DNA Center and vManage both leverage RESTful APIs for northbound communication. This means they use standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and typically exchange data in JSON or XML formats over stateless connections. RESTful APIs are widely adopted for their simplicity, scalability, and flexibility in modern network automation and orchestration. The other options are incorrect because: They exchange XML-formatted content: While XML can be used, JSON is more common with RESTful APIs in these platforms. This statement is not universally true. They implement the NETCONF protocol: NETCONF is a different protocol, often used for device-level configuration and telemetry, not typically for northbound orchestration with DNA Center or vManage. They push configuration changes down to devices: This describes southbound APIs or the function of the controller itself, not a characteristic of their northbound APIs, which are used by external systems to interact with the controller.