What is a good way to locate orphaned pages on a website?

Crawling the website with an SEO tool (like Screaming Frog or Ahrefs) and including XML sitemaps is the most effective method. The crawler will identify all pages it can reach through internal links, and then compare this list to the pages listed in your XML sitemaps. Any pages in the sitemap that weren't found by the crawler are likely orphaned. Logging into the CMS to find pages without links is inefficient and prone to errors, as it doesn't account for external links or how search engines perceive the site structure. The 'site:' command in Google only shows indexed pages, not necessarily orphaned ones, and doesn't provide a comprehensive list for analysis. While Google Search Console's "Pages" report can show pages not indexed or discovered, it doesn't explicitly identify them as "orphaned" in the sense of lacking internal links; it might just mean they haven't been crawled yet or are intentionally excluded.