What is required to enable communication between different VLANs?
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Correct answer: a router with subinterfaces configured on the physical interface that is connected to the switch.
Why this is the answer
To enable communication between different VLANs, a Layer 3 device like a router is required. This is because VLANs create separate broadcast domains, and inter-VLAN routing is needed to forward traffic between them. Configuring subinterfaces on a router's physical interface, each assigned to a different VLAN and with its own IP address, allows the router to act as the default gateway for each VLAN. This method is known as "router-on-a-stick." A router with just an IP address on its physical interface can only participate in a single VLAN. Switches with access or trunk links facilitate VLAN communication within the Layer 2 domain or between switches, but they do not route traffic between different VLANs.
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