What is the term we use to describe how search engines categorise each piece of content?

Indexing is the process where search engines organize and store the information they've discovered from crawling websites. Think of it like a library catalog: when a search engine indexes a page, it adds it to its massive database, making it searchable and retrievable for relevant queries. "Listing" is too general; while a page might appear in a search listing, the term doesn't describe the categorization process itself. "Crawling" refers to the discovery phase where search engine bots visit web pages to read their content, but it's distinct from the subsequent organization and storage.