Which alternative to passwords is used for authenticating enterprise devices to the corporate network?

Digital certificates provide a robust and scalable method for authenticating enterprise devices. They bind a public key to an organization's identity, issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). Devices present their certificate to the network, which verifies its authenticity and grants access. This eliminates the need for users to manage passwords for devices and offers stronger security against brute-force attacks. 90-day renewal policies are a password management practice, not an alternative authentication method. Magic links are typically used for user authentication in web applications, not for authenticating network devices. One-time passwords (OTPs) are also primarily for user authentication, often as a second factor, and are not ideal for continuous device authentication to a network.