Which of the following allows a systems administrator to tune permissions for a file?

An Access Control List (ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object, such as a file or directory, that specifies which users or system processes are granted access to the object and what operations are allowed on it. System administrators use ACLs to define and manage these granular permissions. Patching is the process of applying updates to software and doesn't directly relate to tuning file permissions. Configuration enforcement ensures systems adhere to predefined settings but isn't the mechanism for defining those file permissions. Least privilege is a security principle, not a tool or mechanism for setting permissions; it dictates that users should only have the minimum access necessary to perform their job functions.