Which of the following is an example of memory injection?

Memory injection involves introducing malicious code into the memory space of a legitimate, already running process. This allows the attacker to execute their code within the context and privileges of the target process, often bypassing security controls. The incorrect options describe different types of attacks: "Two processes access the same variable, allowing one to cause a privilege escalation" describes a race condition or a shared memory vulnerability, not memory injection. "A process receives an unexpected amount of data, which causes malicious code to be executed" describes a buffer overflow, where excessive input overwrites adjacent memory, potentially leading to code execution. While related to memory, it's a specific type of vulnerability leading to code execution, distinct from directly injecting code into an existing process's allocated space. "An executable is overwritten on the disk, and malicious code runs the next time it is executed" describes a file-based infection or a persistent malware installation, not a memory-resident attack.