Which of the following types of identification methods can be performed on a deployed application during runtime?

Dynamic analysis is the correct answer because it involves testing a running application to identify vulnerabilities and behaviors that might not be apparent from static code. This method is performed during runtime, meaning the application is actively executing. Code review is a static analysis technique, examining source code without executing it. Package monitoring typically refers to observing network traffic or system resource usage, not directly identifying application vulnerabilities at runtime. Bug bounty programs incentivize external researchers to find vulnerabilities, but the method of identification they use can be either static or dynamic, and "bug bounty" itself isn't a specific identification method but rather a program structure.