Which QoS mechanism drops packets that exceed the committed rate?

Policing drops packets that exceed the configured rate, making it suitable for enforcing strict bandwidth limits. It immediately discards non-conforming traffic. FIFO (first-in, first-out) queuing simply processes packets in the order they arrive without regard to traffic rates or QoS. Traffic shaping buffers excess traffic to smooth out bursts, delaying packets rather than dropping them, which is different from policing's immediate discard action. Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a scheduling mechanism that provides fair bandwidth allocation to different traffic flows but doesn't inherently drop packets for exceeding a committed rate; it prioritizes and allocates bandwidth.