Which switching mechanism creates separate broadcast domains?

A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) creates separate broadcast domains by logically segmenting a single physical network into multiple virtual networks. Devices within one VLAN can communicate with each other, but not directly with devices in another VLAN without a Layer 3 device (router or Layer 3 switch). This reduces the size of broadcast domains, improving network performance and security. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents switching loops but does not create separate broadcast domains. VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) manages VLAN configurations across switches but doesn't define the broadcast domains themselves. CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is an access method for shared media networks (like older Ethernet) that handles collisions, not broadcast domain separation.