Which traffic type does IPsec (without GRE) carry?
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Correct answer: unicast messages from a host at a remote site to a server at headquarters.
Why this is the answer
IPsec in tunnel mode (without GRE) primarily encapsulates and secures unicast IP traffic. It creates a secure tunnel between two endpoints, allowing private unicast communication over a public network. Multicast traffic and broadcast packets are generally not directly supported by native IPsec tunnels because IPsec focuses on point-to-point secure communication. To carry multicast or broadcast traffic over an IPsec tunnel, a tunneling protocol like GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) is typically used in conjunction with IPsec. GRE encapsulates the multicast/broadcast traffic, and then IPsec encrypts the GRE-encapsulated packets. Spanning-tree updates are link-local and are not typically routed across IPsec VPNs; they operate within a Layer 2 domain.
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