Which two methods provide controlled Layer 2 connectivity between virtual machines on the same hypervisor?

Virtual switches are essential for connecting virtual machines (VMs) on the same hypervisor. The hypervisor itself typically includes an integrated virtual switch, allowing VMs to communicate directly and access physical network interfaces. Alternatively, a dedicated virtual machine can host a more advanced virtual switch (like Open vSwitch), offering enhanced features and management capabilities. VXLAN is for connecting VMs across different hypervisors or data centers, not within the same hypervisor. Using a routed link to an external router or a trunk link to an external Layer 2 switch would involve routing or switching traffic externally, which is inefficient and unnecessary for VMs on the same hypervisor.