You enable VPC firewall logging on a deny rule for troubleshooting. Where do those firewall logs appear and what key information do they include?

VPC firewall logging sends logs to Cloud Logging. These logs capture crucial information for troubleshooting, including whether a packet was allowed or denied by a specific firewall rule, along with connection metadata such as source/destination IP addresses, ports, and protocol. This allows for detailed analysis of network traffic and rule effectiveness. Storing raw PCAP files in Cloud Storage is not a native feature of VPC firewall logging. VPC Flow Logs are a separate logging mechanism that primarily record flow information, not explicit allow/deny decisions by firewall rules. Cloud Monitoring collects metrics, not detailed event logs, from firewall rules.